What is a breast self-exam?
A breast self exam is a combination of physical and visual examinations of the breasts that can be performed at hoe by yourself. It is used to check for any signs or symptoms of breast cancer, but to also become familiar with your breasts to see how they normally look and feel. This helps to identify any changes or abnormalities in your breasts, whether its discolouration
Why perform a breast self-exam?
Understanding your breasts and being aware of any changes is key to maintaining breast health. Here are some important reasons as to why you should be performing regular self-exams:
Early detection
Self-exams can help you identify unusual lumps, changes in size or shape, and other abnormalities that might require further evaluation by a medical professional.
Familiarity with your body
Knowing how your breasts normally feel helps you notice changes more quickly.
Empowerment
Taking charge of your health can lead to increased awareness and proactive health management.
Step-by-step guide to performing a breast self-exam
Step 1: Prepare
It’s important that you find a comfortable and private space with good lighting to perform your breast self-exam. It can be done whilst lying down, in the shower and is ideal to perform in front of mirror to spot any visible changes.
Step 2: Visual inspection
Whilst looking at yourself in the mirror, check for:
- Any swelling or changes in size or shape
- Skin texture changes (such as dimpling or puckering)
- Any unusual redness or a rash
- Changes in the nipples, including discharge and inversion
Raise your arms overhead and look for any differences in appearance between the two breasts. This can help reveal changes that may not be visible with arms at your sides.
Step 3: Physical examination
Position yourself
You can perform a self-exam while lying down or standing. Many find it easier to do while lying on their back.
Use the right technique
Use the pads of your fingers (not the tips) to feel for lumps or changes. Employ a circular motion, making small circles, and cover the entire breast area. You can use one of the following patterns:
- Spiral method – Start at the nipple and move outward in a spiral pattern.
- Up and down method – Move vertically, covering the breast from top to bottom.
Step 4: Repeat for the other breast
Once you’ve thoroughly examined one breast, repeat the same process for the other. Ensure that you cover the same areas and use the same techniques.
Note: It is normal for your breasts to look asymmetrical, this is common amongst many women.
Step 5: Know your normal
After performing the exam, it’s important to understand what is normal for you. Breasts can naturally vary in size, shape, and sensitivity.
What to look for
Source: Breast Cancer Now
During your self-exam, be aware of the following changes:
- Lumps or hard knots – These can feel like hard or soft lumps in the breast or underarm area.
- Changes in size or shape – Any significant differences between the two breasts.
- Skin changes – Such as redness, flaking, or dimpling.
- Nipple changes – Including discharge, inversion, or unusual sensitivity.
When to see a doctor
If you notice any of the following during your self-exam, schedule an appointment with your GP as soon as possible:
- A new lump or mass that persists through your menstrual cycle.
- Changes in size or shape that seem unusual.
- Persistent skin changes or rash
- Unexplained discharge from the nipple